Is corporal punishment an effective discipline technique for families Essay

Is corporal punishment an effective discipline technique for families or does the evidence show it does more harm than good to cihildren discuss - Essay Example This is because the main idea behind punishment of a child is to discourage unwanted behavior immediately; corporal punishment is usually effective in achieving this goal (Holden et al., 1999). According to Gershoff 2002), the prime objective that most parents have while administering corporal punishment on to their children is to stop them from being disobedient at once. Corporate punishment is effective if and only if it is administered after a transgression and must be immediate and should not be discriminated. However, even though all these criterions are met, most of parents fail to achieve the desired results from the child, hence in the end; corporal punishment tends to lose meaning and purpose. The common ground and goal, which is to ensure that the child gets meaning from the punishment, fails (Larzelere, 2000). Corporal punishment has failed to allow children to develop moral internalizations on their own, since instead of promoting better social behavior corporal punishment hinders this attribute. This is because even though corporal punishment achieves this in the short term, the moral internalization of a child is affected (Gerdshoff, 2002). They further state that, the long-term socialization goal for a child development is to take behavior and attitude as their own internal development, and not be driven by anticipation of external consequences such as from corporal punishment. Clearly, a child needs to be given room and space to develop mentally and make judgment calls for their actions, without being driven by consequences of corporal punishments (Afifi, 2012). Moreover, corporal punishment has the impetus of encouraging antisocial and aggressive behaviors among children in the end. This is true since the administration of this form of punishment negatively affects parent child relation. According to the attribution and social control theory posed by Burt et al. in Gershoff (2002), corporal

Human Resources and EEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources and EEO - Essay Example umb, scientific management allowed tasks and function to be broken down into specifics to clearly delineate duties for possible quantification and optimization of workers output. Process are now clearly defined as well as how to do it that does not leave any room for intuitive job functioning. Other theorists followed suit such as Maslow, Mayo, McGregor, Vroom and Herzberg venturing on other aspects of human resources such as motivation and efficiency on how could human resource do more and make them happy. Businesses realize that it is important for them to its human resource not only for them to commit and perform but also to keep them in the organisation. Keeping valuable employees motivated in an organisation is not only intended to make them commit and perform but also to keep them over the long haul because they are the organization’s most valuable asset(Guld, 2007). In sum, the following are the theorists who allowed human resource to evolve. Taylor first conceived the idea that workers are mainly motivated solely by wage. He posited that management has to possess the control and knowledge of the methods of production so that it would have a greater control of achieving efficiency in an organisation that includes motivating its workforce (Jaffe 2008). For Taylor, the breaking up functions into small quantifiable tasks is necessary to make the time-piece rate pay possible that will encourage employees to work harder if they can see that they are being paid with more work (Taylor 1911). This theory assumed that employees are more motivated with more pay and confined motivation to solely addressing the economic needs of a business organisation’s employees. Mayo expanded Taylor’s idea of motivating employees by including their social needs that also has to be satisfied while at work (Sarachek 1968). For Elton Mayo, employees are not only motivated by satifying their economic needs but also their needs to interact with fellow employees.

Human Form versus Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Form versus Nature - Essay Example The Romans were influenced by these thoughts and also sought to portray man as a superior being. Here the emphasis is on man’s power as opposed to the lesser importance of people as seen in Eastern art where nature has a much more dominant role. The sculptures of Michalangelo are famous for the way the human body is treated. With his excellent skill at carving the marble his work stands as some of the greatest ever created in this style. In China, the philosophical principles of Daoism and Confucianism play a big role in the way of life and the way of thinking is a guide to live by. One of the facets of Daoism is the relationship of nature in relation to its various elements and to man. Man is taught to follow the principles of nature. Nature in art is illustrated as the central element in a great many pieces. Nature as a dominant theme has lasted more than a thousand years. By the late Tang Dynasty, landscape painting had evolved to depict man as seeking an escape from everyday life to commune with nature in all its beauty. The influence of China spread to Japan, as did the philosophy of Buddhism. In Japanese art people are often portrayed as a small part of the vast landscape. They are only a part of the world and the powerful forces of nature are seen as great in comparison. Hokusai’s 36 Views of Mount Fuji beautifully illustrate this theme. â€Å"A hint to solving our current questions of what nature is, how it should be faced and how to coexist with it should be hidden within these art pieces that have viewed nature.† (Sakagami 1) References 1. Nature in Japanese Art after the Experience of the Earthquake, Keiko Sakagami, Web. 10 Nov. 2011. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/adv/wol/dy/reviews/110422.htm Writing Assignment: The Afterlife Across Cultures The afterlife has long been a theme in art. From Ancient Egypt, Greece, Africa and other Far Eastern cultures the attitudes and beliefs about a supernatural transformation that takes place after a person dies has inspired many objects to be placed with them at the time of their death. In Ancient Egypt people were buried with objects that they might have used in their life on earth. This practice stems from the belief that the person will be living in another realm after their death in a similar fashion. They therefore will need the things they had with them in their former life. Depending on the place in society and economic class the t hings they will need vary. A member of the royal family may have statues of soldiers and musical instruments buried with them while a farmer might have animals and tools and pottery with them. These things relate to their lifestyle as it was. The idea of immortality was also ceremonial zed in the elaborate coffins the dead were buried in. The Egyptians believed that these complex burial rituals help to ensure the person would arrive safely in the afterlife. The coffins themselves were decorated with symbolic images that were believed to guarantee this passage into the next life. Many of these artifacts have been uncovered in tombs of the dead and survive in museums today. In Ancient Greece they believed that the spirit of a person left the body at the time of death and went to a place known as Hades. In the Underworld all of the dead resided. In honor of the deceased elaborate preparations of the body were made and large stone structures marking the grave sites were built. Sculpture s and other objects also decorated the graves. In addition to the actual site of burial, vases were decorated with scenes commemorating the person’s life in homage to them. The immortality of a person lay in their

Dr bob Essay Example for Free

Dr bob Essay Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-1848? Parliamentary reform and politics, c. 1780-1832 (a) Explain why the Reform Act of 1832 was passed. [24] (b) To what extent were the policies of the Younger Pitt the most significant influence on parliamentary reform and politics in the period 1780-1832? [36] 2. Popular protest, c. 1815-1848 (a) Explain why the Chartist movement began. [24] (b) To what extent was the growth of trade unionism the most significant influence on popular protest in the period 1815-18

Why Religion and God Are Not Necessary in Modern Day Society Essay Example for Free

Why Religion and God Are Not Necessary in Modern Day Society Essay 88% of us claim to be religious. Religion has been around since 223,000 BCE. The world would be nothing without it. You can’t get a sense of history or the language of Britain without having to study religious texts. But is religion necessary in the 21st century? The simple answer is no. No, we don’t need to believe in religious stories to feel comforted, no we don’t need to believe in an omnipotent being, no we don’t need to believe in God to be good people and no, religion is certainly not necessary in modern day society. As an atheist and a humanist, people often ask me how I can possibly be a good person or have moral values. This makes the erroneous assumption that the only reason they aren’t out mugging, murdering and mutilating is that they are afraid of God; that the only reason they are good is because they are scared to be bad, which is a very ignoble reason to be good. How contemptible would we be if the only reason we didn’t kill was because we were scared of getting punished? The reason we should be good is completely the opposite. Because there is no afterlife, such as heaven or hell, we have only one life here on Earth. Because of this, we should live it to the best we can, and be good people. So no, believing in a religion is emphatically not necessary to be a good person. One thing that always crops up in a debate of this kind is that religion comforts people so why should we fight against it? The answer is simple; because it’s not true. If your father died, it would be comforting to tell you that he hadn’t died, he was away fighting against evil in a faraway land, but that doesn’t mean that we should let your mother tell you that. It’s false. Surely, as intelligent people, we should prefer the truth over something that comforts us, leaving a trail of false hope behind. Prayer, similarly, gives false hope. People all over the world are praying for loved ones in hospital, or another type of trouble. The facts remain. Prayer only â€Å"works† an infinitesimally small amount of the time for Christians. The same applies to Muslims, and Jews and Hindus and Sikhs, etc. Realistically, I would get the same success results by praying to a rock. There is no proof it works. Prayer has an ugly side. There are people in the world who are throwing away treatment for their life threatening illness, all under a false pretence that God will heal them. These people die year after year, but still more and more people are refusing real, medical help. Religion is absolutely not necessary to comfort the grieving or needy. Let’s focus on our country for a moment. In 2011, the UK’s census found that 55% of adults in the UK say they are Christian. One week after, the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science put out a poll by ipsos mori directed to those who were down as Christian. When asked why they think of themselves as Christian, the research found that fewer than 28% say one of the reasons is that they believe in the teachings of Christianity. People are much more likely to consider themselves to be Christian because they were christened or baptised into the religion (72%) or because their parents were members of the religion (38%) than because of personal belief. Many who self-identify as Christian hold beliefs that some churches would consider to be incompatible with traditional Christian teaching, such as astrology and reincarnation (27% in each case), ghosts (36%) and fate (64%). Asked why they had been recorded as Christian in the 2011 Census, only 31% said it was because they genuinely try to follow the Christian religion, with 41% saying it was because they try to be a good person and for some unfathomable reason associate that exclusively with Christianity. When asked where they seek most guidance in questions of right and wrong, only 10% said it was from religious teachings or beliefs, with 54% preferring to draw on their own inner moral sense. How can we possibly say that religion is necessary in the UK in the 21st century when we are clearly no longer a â€Å"Christian nation†? Religion is in no way necessary for the good of the country anymore. So, when religion professes to be necessary for moral, supporting or national reasons, it’s wrong. Rather than helping people cope with death, helping people make moral decisions or creating the â€Å"backbone of our society†, as the Catholic Church professed in 2001, what does religion do in the modern day? Well, religion leaves a trail of false hope. Religious buildings avoid ? 44,041,939,000’s worth of taxes which still have to be paid by someone, so the taxpayer has to then give, give, give. Religious organisations such as the Catholic Church spread lies like â€Å"condoms increase the chance of getting AIDS†, leaving thousands of people infected in Africa. Religion segregates children in faith schools; it halts scientific progress and all of this to do with an outdated, unsubstantiated, fabricated fairy tale written thousands of years ago. Religion is not necessary and never again will be.

Examining the Core Concepts of Forensic Nursing

Examining the Core Concepts of Forensic Nursing Nursing is a profession which works on the core concepts of empathy, communication, caring, trust, advocacy, and leadership. Every area of nursing uses these concepts and beyond to provide care to clients at times when they need it the most. Forensic Nursing too uses these concepts; however, it places more concentration on scientific objectivity rather than patient support. This is not to say, that they to provide patient support, but it is the practice that by being objective in evidence collection, they ensure successful results in trauma investigations. Forensic Nursing is defined as the application of forensics with the biopsychosocial interventions of the registered nurse in the scientific investigation and treatment of trauma and/or death related medical-legal issues (Wecht, C.H., Rago, J.T., 2006). It used to be that forensic medical interventions including lifesaving interventions were withheld until a Forensic medical examiner (FME) until they arrived to the emergency department and had collected evidence (Pyrek, K., 2006). Often times, clients were even transferred to other cities which offered forensic clinical services, and even then no interventions could be provided so as not to disturb the forensic evidence (Pyrek, k., 2006). However, If a Forensic Nurse Examiner (FNE) is available at the clinical site, they are able to secure the important forensic evidence requiring timely recovery and preservation without withholding medical interventions, i.e. in sexual assault cases (pyrek, K. 2006). It was in 1991 that the American Society of Forensic Nurses first to recognized and accepted Forensic Nursing as a specialty (Bader, D.M, Gabriel, L.S.,). Then in 1992, 72 primary sexual assault nurse examiners formed the International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN) (International Association of Forensic Nurses, 2006). The aim of the IAFN was to promote the education of forensic nurses. In 1997 the IAFN went on to develop the Forensic Nursing Code of Ethics and the Scope and Standards of Nursing Practice (Bader, D.M, Gabriel, L.S., 2009). Forensic Nursing is a specialty that is still new and needs to continue developing so forensic nurses can provide the appropriate responses in trauma cases, provide a more holistic care to their clients, and advocate in an unbiased and scientifically objective manner. Where it has been that it is the emergency nurses who have been the first to come in contact with clients involved in trauma cases, emergency nurses are trained in the legal complexities that are characteristic of trauma cases, and who may not consult with the hospital legal team when such cases are presented, before going ahead and providing the necessary interventions that the client needs resulting in loss of critical evidence (pyrek, k., 2006). Forensic nurses can provide appropriate health care response in the event that they are presented with either a victim or a perpetrator of a traumatic case. They are trained in identifying injuries, their patterns, documenting statements and injuries through written and photographic accounts, and collecting and preserving physical evidence. Linda McCracken in the forensic nurses states that health care and the law often become enmeshed during critical moments when patient care supersedes the concern for social justice. (Pyrek, K., 2006). Most nurses and institutions are not trained to recognize the importance of physical evidence, so in the process of providing care to the patient, key physical evidence may be lost i.e. through discardment of victims clothing, or cleansing of the wounds. When most trauma cases are presented to the Emergency department, the Emergency nurse is most often the first person to see and talk to the patient, the first to know the situation, first to deal with the family, first to deal with the patient property, and as result first to deal with the specimen and evidence (pyrek, K., 2006). In these situations, the evidence and the manner and the time in which they are collected, saved, and documented can have an impact on the turn out in the analysis and legal proceedings (Ledray, L., 2010). Forensic nurses provide a more holistic care to their clients by including the forensic aspect within their care plan (Pyrek, k., 2006). A forensic nurse has many of the same role as any other registered nurse such as patient advocacy, however, they also have to fulfill they also work closely with the legal system, so they are active members of the investigation, are liaisons for law enforcement and facility staff, they identify, collect, and preserve the evidence, provide accurate documentation, and act as expert witnesses in courts (Bader, D.M., Gabriel, L.S., 2009). The forensic nurse practice models include sociology, criminology, clinical and criminal investigation, and education (Hammer, R.M., Pagliaro, E.M., 2006). The forensic nurse besides being an advocate for the client, is an advocate for truth and justice, and The first priority of a forensic nurse is to ensure the safety of the living victim and the dead victims body, collecting and preserving evidence from the body, performing a forensic examination with the intention of identifying and collecting evidence that may have transferred from the victim, collect evidence from without bias and without causing physical and psychological stress to the living or dead victim, and documenting all evidence (Bader, D.M., Gabriel, L.S., 2009). They are also responsible for conducting interviews on the victim, suspected victimizer, convicted victimizer; family, friends, and witnesses (Bader, D.M., Gabriel, L.S., 2009).They have to pay attention to collect any physical evidence i.e. dirt, and paint c hips, biological evidence i.e. saliva, and insects, and physical material i.e. fabric (Bader, D.M., Gabriel, L.S., 2009). Lastly the documentation which is perhaps the most important piece of evidence in an investigation should be accurate, descriptive, and without personal judgements. Forensic nurses have to be unbiased and scientifically objective. Forensic nurses dont come only in contact with victims of violence, but also with the victimizers. While many nurses when faced with a suspect or accused of a crime may be more concentrated on finding out why the suspected or accused perpetrator may have committed the act. While the question may be important, forgetting to concentrate on the evidence can be perilous. As forensic nurses they need to concentrate on what they are seeing, and what needs to be collected for the purposes of analysis. According to Janet Baber, MSN, FN, in the beginning forensic nursing was based on helping people in needNow forensic nursing has evolved to where we must compartmentalize our desire to nurture, console any nurse would do that because caring for and protecting human being is instinctive (pyrek, K., 2006). The advocacy component is not unique to forensic nursingthe forensic nurse cannot be get overtly involved in advocacy. This n urse must stay within an objective, scientific framework, because if a nurse allows advocacy to supersede concern about the evidence, he or she will become diverted from the purpose of forensic nursing (Pyrek, K., P. 29, 2006). Concentrating on the evidence will help more in uncovering the truth of the crime and revering justice than being embroiled in emotions of the case and the client. This is what will help the forensic nurse when it comes time for them to provide the evidence in court, where they are going to have prove that they were objective in their evidence collection and that they were not deterred and entangled in the circumstance of the case. In the book forensic nurse, Sharon Crowley, RN, MN, and California forensic examiner says that, What I do as a forensic nurse is going to be dissected in a court, or in a crime lab. Forensic nursing practice is mandated by science, and I dont have a problem with that because I see my advocacy come through science (Pyrek, K., P. 30, 2006). The reason behind the origin of forensic nursing was that forensic pathologists believed that pertinent legal questions were not being addressed, and inspite of resistance the specialty has grown significantly (Hammer, R.M., Pagliaro, E.M., 2006). As forensic nursing continues to grow, there will have to be increased interprofessional collaboration, communication, and sharing of information and knowledge to achieve justice. Currently, there are not many hospitals, clinics, if any, that have a forensic nurse in place, because not many institutions believe that it is necessary to have them, not to mention there is already a poor patient to nurse already. Some challenges that the specialty will face will probably include job opportunities, funding, education and training, professional development mandates, and continuing acknowledgment of importance and respect from other health care colleagues (Pyrek, K., 2006). Forensic nurses have to be self-directed, and be confident in their abili ties. I have been interested in forensic science for a long time, and took a full year course at University of Toronto as an elective about 3 years ago. We were introduced to different areas of forensics, but forensic nursing was not one of them. It was very interesting to research this topic and learn about the roles of forensic nurses. Having had done a placement in long term care, I have heard of many of elder abuse, and realize that the issue is probably not getting the attention it deserves. I like that forensic nurses extend the roles of registered nurses to include the forensic aspect in their care. I realize that it would be very challenging to pursue a career as a forensic nurse, and hope that it will continue to grow. Since its establishment, forensic nursing has gained a lot of attention, and continues to grow. A Forensic Nurse is important because they can provide an appropriate response in trauma cases, the appropriate response being, collecting, preserving and documenting the evidence. A Forensic nurses extends the role of a registered nurse by including the forensic aspect in their care plan. While as nurses we are trained to provide caring for our client is one of our primarily responsibility, in forensic nursing, the evidence and documentation take the priority because without them, it is hard to prove legitimacy in court cases. Lastly, they fufill their roles in a manner that is unbiased and scientifically objective. The whole purpose of forensic nurses is to aid their law enforcement and forensic science colleagues in analyzing the evidence, and to do that, it must be important that they take out their emotions about the victim, victimizer, and case, to collect what they see without bias and utmost objectivity to ensure justice. Forensic nursing is a speciality that face many challenges in its growth mainly in terms of job opportunities, especially in todays clients where institutions hardly are able to keep a good nurse to client ratio, it will probably be hard to establish the need for forensic nurses, however, until there is a high profile case that increases concentration on forensic nursing, they will just have to be more self-directed in their career (pyrek, K., 2006).

Written and Unwritten Components of the Constitution Essay -- Politics

A constitution is a thing antecedent to a government, and a government is only the creature of a constitution. A constitution is not the act of government, but of people constituting a government, and government without a constitution is power without a right. (1) Thomas Paine A constitution is the system of laws, customs and conventions which define the composition and power of organs of the state, and regulate the relations of the various state organs to one another and to the private citizen. (2) According to Helen Fenwick and Govin Phillipson, the purpose of a constitution is to control the power of the state and ensure that that power derives from a legitimate source. (3) There are many ways to clarify types of constitutions but the most significant are monarch or republican, unitary or federal, and written or unwritten. The latter clarification has raised large debates for many centuries and was discussed by eminent scholars, starting with Walter Bagehot to Vernon Bogdanor. This essay will evaluate main strength and weaknesses of both, viz. a constitution as a single document, the doctrine of separation of powers, and flexibility and entrenchment of written and unwritten constitutions First of all, a written constitution is a codified single document which comprises rules of governing a country as well as rights, duties and freedoms of individuals within the country. However, an unwritten constitution, also termed as an uncodified constitution, is diverse of different pieces of legislation, customs and political conventions. There are only three countries in the world which have unwritten constitution, including New Zealand, Israel, and the United Kingdom. Usually, a constitution can be written after a m... ...ugh both Houses of Parliament and receive three-fifth majority (17). Professor John McEldowney(16) writes that the advantages of entrenchment of written constitution is that it limits powers of the government to interfere into different branches of government, namely the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. What is more, the entrenchment constitution, unlike flexible unwritten constitution, provides rational approach to social world in the way it does not depend on the government of the day, (18) However, Anthony Bradley and Ewing have more positive point of view towards flexible unwritten constitution relied on political principles rather than legal rules established by written constitution. (19) This point of view can be demonstrated by the capital punishment article of the American entrenched constitution, which infringes fundamental human rights.