Rosebud essays

Rosebud essays Like that shining window in the distance, Rosebud becomes the elusive focal point for a newsreel reporter's investigation into the life and times of Citizen Kane, an exploration that provides the plot framework for the movie. And like those shifting, sometimes inverted, initial images, each person reporter Thompson (William Alland) interviews provides a different perspective, a contrasting image of the same man: Charles Foster Kane. Rosebud serves as a very important motivation in the film. It creates Thompsons goal and focuses our attention on his delving into the life of Kane. Rosebud clues provide the basic motivation necessary for the plot to progress. Thompson searches for the meaning of Rosebud. As Thompson says near the end of the movie: "Perhaps Rosebud was something he couldn't get or something he lost. Anyway, it wouldn't have explained anything. I don't think any word can explain a man's life. No, I guess Rosebud is just a piece in a jigsaw puzzle." It is possible that identifying the meaning of puzzle of Rosebud solves the mystery of Charles Foster Kanes life. All parts of the great jigsaw puzzle that is his American Life. The mystery of Rosebud- combined with the mastery of Orson Welles and his collaborators-draws the audiences focus back to Kane again and again. The sled itself is not the answer.Thompson explains what Rosebud is, but not what Rosebud means. The film's construction shows how our lives, after we are gone, survive only in the memories of the living. In the viewers mind, there is the Kane who made shadow figures with his fingers, and the Kane who hated the traction trust; the Kane who chose his mistress ove r his marriage and political career, the Kane who entertained millions, the Kane who died alone. There is a parallel between the two major lines of action: Kanes life and Thompsons search. Rosebud is a summary of the things Kane strives for through his life. His ina...

Definition and Examples of Indeterminacy in Language

Definition and Examples of Indeterminacy in Language In linguistics  and literary studies, the term indeterminacy refers to  the instability of meaning, the uncertainty of reference, and the variations in interpretations of grammatical forms and categories  in any  natural language. As David A. Swinney has observed, Indeterminacy exists at essentially every descriptive level of word, sentence, and discourse analysis (Understanding Word and Sentence, 1991). Examples and Observations A basic reason for linguistic indeterminacy is the fact that language is not a logical product, but originates from the conventional practice of individuals, which depends on the particular context of the terms used by them. (Gerhard Hafner, Subsequent Agreements and Practice. Treaties and Subsequent Practice, ed. by Georg Nolte. Oxford University Press, 2013) Indeterminacy in Grammar Clear-cut grammatical categories, rules, etc. are not always attainable, since the system of grammar is arguably subject to gradience. The same considerations apply to the notions of correct and incorrect usage since there are areas where native speakers disagree as to what is grammatically acceptable. Indeterminacy is, therefore, a feature of grammar and usage. Grammarians also speak of indeterminacy in cases where two grammatical analyses of a particular structure are plausible. (Bas Aarts, Sylvia Chalker, and Edmund Weiner, The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2014) Determinacy and Indeterminacy An assumption usually made in syntactic theory and description is that particular elements combine with one another in very specific and determinate ways. . . . This supposed property, that it is possible to give a definite and precise specification of the elements connected to one another and how they are connected, will be referred to as determinacy. The doctrine of determinacy belongs to a broader conception of language, mind, and meaning, which holds that language is a separate mental module, that syntax is autonomous, and that semantics is well-delimited and fully compositional. This broader conception is not however well-founded. Over the last few decades, research in cognitive linguistics has demonstrated that grammar is not autonomous from semantics, that semantics is neither well-delimited nor fully compositional, and that language draws on more general cognitive systems and mental capacities from which it cannot be neatly separated. . . . I suggest that the usual situation is not one of determinacy, but rather indeterminacy (Langacker 1998a). Precise, determinate connections between specific elements represent a special and perhaps unusual case. It is more common for there to be some vagueness or indeterminacy in regard to either the elements participating in grammatical relationships or the specific nature of their connection. Otherwise stated, grammar is basically metonymic, in that the information explicitly coded linguistically does not itself establish the precise connections apprehended by the speaker and hearer in using an expression. (Ronald W. Langacker, Investigations in Cognitive Grammar. Mouton de Gruyter, 2009) Indeterminacy and Ambiguity Indeterminacy refers to . . . the capacity . . . of certain elements to be notionally related to other elements in more than one way . . .. Ambiguity, on the other hand, refers to the failure of an increment to make a distinction which is crucial to the discharge of the speakers present obligations. . . . But if ambiguity is rare, indeterminacy is an all-pervading feature of speech, and one which users are quite accustomed to living with. We might even argue that it is an indispensable feature of verbal communication, allowing for an economy without which language would be impossibly unwieldy. Let us examine two illustrations of this. The first comes from the conversation that was attributed to the friend and the old lady immediately after the latter had asked for a lift: Where does your daughter live? She lives near the Rose and Crown. Here, the reply is obviously indeterminate, as there are any number of public houses of that name, and often more than one in the same town. It creates no problems for the friend, however, because many other factors than the label, including, no doubt, her knowledge of the locality, are taken into account in identifying the place referred to. Had it been a problem, she could have asked: Which Rose and Crown? The everyday use of personal names, some of which may be shared by several acquaintances of both participants, but which are nevertheless usually sufficient to identify the intended individual, provide a similar way indeterminacy is ignored in practice. It is worth noting in passing that, were it not for users tolerance of indeterminacy, every pub and every person would have to be uniquely named! (David Brazil, A Grammar of Speech. Oxford University Press, 1995) Indeterminacy and Optionality [W]hat appears to be indeterminacy may actually reflect optionality in the grammar, i.e., a representation that allows multiple surface realizations of a single construction, such as the choice of relatives in Theres the boy (that/whom/0) Mary likes. In L2A, a learner who accepts John *seeked Fred at Time 1, then John sought Fred at Time 2, might be inconsistent not because of indeterminacy in the grammar, but because the grammar permits both forms optionally. (Observe that optionality in this instance would reflect a grammar that diverges from the English target grammar.) (David Birdsong, Second Language Acquisition and Ultimate Attainment. Handbook of Applied Linguistics, ed. by Alan Davies and Catherine Elder. Blackwell, 2004)

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

E-commerce - Essay Example An online portal is built to take advantage of an online publicity platform. With the intention to perform that, the majority thriving portals support website registered and unregistered users in a different way. Hence portal contribution to websites produces importance from both the customer’s perspective and the supporters. In this scenario, customers disburse not through cash (entire web-site material is open) however through details and the time. Additionally, they spend their precious time visiting website pages, electronic mails and RSS feeds, therefore generating publicity record which could be utilized to trade the contributor’s business products (inside publicity) and/or advertised to 3rd party (business outside publicity) on the basis of a CPM (cost per minute), CPC (cost per click) or CPA (cost per action) mechanism. For instance, a well-known web portal Yahoo.com is one of the huge web surfing and information gateways. The web site material/content is organi zed from external supplies however identified with the Yahoo! title (e.g., Yahoo! Cars, Yahoo! Shows, Yahoo! Horoscopes, and Yahoo! Tourism. Moreover, these web portals derive profits from publicity and finances (Zarem, 2011). Auction sites The second model that I have chosen is about Auction sites. In this scenario, Ebay is a well-known Auction site. These auctions sites use many-to-many business model for generating profits. In addition, Elance is an additional high-quality instance of a flourishing many-to-many business model. It connects freelancers with their users/clients. In this way, both providers (freelancers) and clients communicate over a web technology based group of people (Starak, 2011). Moreover, it seems that more than 100,000 persons at the moment perform eBay businesses activities to earn a good share. Ebay posted an ad to offer a course to study how to establish an eBay business proficiently. Thus, that advertisement is attracting additional sellers and additiona l purchasers to eBay business. It is open TV publicity for eBay business performance (Starak, 2011). Dynamic Pricing Model A dynamic pricing business model engages changeable costs of business products or services on the basis of identifiers for instance flavor, accessibility and manufacturing costs. Additionally, this model was established by a famous airline company and it is currently utilized by more productions, comprising selling stores, as per stated by Virginia Commonwealth University. In addition, dynamic pricing model facilitates traders to adapt their advertising or records to their users, possibly making it hard ever as compared to a fixed-price model. So providing what users/consumers need at a particular cost they are prepared to disburse at that explicit time lessens consumption of business resources as well as, consequently, some sort of overhead (Fraser, 2011). B2B Exchange With the appearance of the web based technology like internet as an innovative technique of p erforming business activities and operations arrive an overflow of capitalists with massive useful thoughts for the upcoming period. A lot of these capitalists determined to spend inside the plan of the B2B sharing. Fundamentally, these distributions were only the web-sites somewhere

Manhattan (New york)'s Urban space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Manhattan (New york)'s Urban space - Essay Example Manhattan is considered as a regional leader where education, entertainment, communication and health care is concerned and in addition serves a three county population of about 200,000 people in the surrounding areas. Other amenities that Manhattan can boast of are both private and public educational centres and numerous universities that cater to a mixture of diverse cultures. The famous Kansas State University which was established in 1863 was the first successful land - grant university system that was established in the United States. This famous university houses eight colleges that represent 60 different departments of various specialized subjects. Manhattan boasts of beautiful scenic public parks, and zoos like the American zoo and the Sunset zoo. It is also quite famous for various sports facilities which include stunning golf courses. In addition to these, Manhattan is well known for its exceptional trail system that is indispensable to both bikers and walkers and which is also easily accessible to disabled people. Te trail is nine miles long and circles around half of the community. Manhattan City is committed to development and progress and continues in its quest to achieve it. Its municipal planning of the city is not only progressive but works with a vision and forward thinking. Since the 1980’s, one of the most significant developments that took place was the construction of a 300,000 square foot shopping mall situated in downtown Manhattan. The past decade has seen the construction of a new airport terminal called the â€Å"Manhattan Regional Airport.† The city has also seen the construction of the Northeast Community Park and it has now undertaken a major project initiative of downtown redevelopment in order to enhance the Town center Hall north and south of Manhattan. Geographically speaking, the character of Manhattan was largely shaped by its Geographical outlay. It’s strategic location dominates the New York Harbor and hence it emerges as

Aural and spatial elements Essay Example for Free

Aural and spatial elements Essay Wertenbaker uses simple and minimalistic production design and uses her actors as her main resource to convey meaning and character especially as they are playing different gender or changing between convict and officer characters throughout. The few props are used to clarify meaning and are important in their own right along with costumes and set. She uses language and music to communicate with the audience and to create a specific atmosphere. Wertenbaker uses the movement or gestures of a character to emphasise a point or show character’s relationships. An example of this is Sideway in the first rehearsal, the stage direction â€Å"walking sideways, arms held high in a grandiose eighteenth century pose† this reinforces the idea of how uneducated the convicts are, as the audience can see Sideway has never seen a theatre production just has an idea of what it would be like. An example where gesture is used to communicate character’s relationships is in Act 1 scene 7 where Harry and Duckling are rowing, the stage directions for Duckling are â€Å"remains morose† and â€Å"doesn’t turn around† these are hostile actions as Harry is desperately trying to get her attention â€Å" Why don’t you look Duckling. † The audience can see that their relationship is unstable. The way Wertenbaker positions her characters on the stage is important in communicating status and character such as in Act 1 scene 11 when Major Ross and Captain Campbell enter, the convicts â€Å"slink away and sink down. † This shows that the convicts are afraid of the officers and they try and get as far away as possible from Robbie and become inconspicuous. The beginning scene has important use of positing, the convict are â€Å"huddled together in semi-darkness. † This gives an idea of how horrible the conditions were for the convicts during transportation. The officers are on deck above the convicts and in better conditions again showing status. This idea is kept throughout the play but gradually changes as the production of the convict’s play takes effect . Costume is used to communicate character, Governor Arthur Phillip’s costume would be grander and more decorative than the other officers and he has a higher status. The convicts would be wearing similar clothes but all slightly different such as Mary’s which would be covering her and suppressing her femininity because she feels guilty about what happened on the ship â€Å"I would have been less of a whore†. Sideway’s clothes would be over the top to show his flamboyant personality . All the costumes also have to be simple to allow quick costume changes as the actors multi-role. Wertenbaker’s set is very simple with only a few props. This is done to represent the bareness of Australia and how they have to create a new colony but have arrived with hardly anything. The set is also kept simple because there are 22 scenes and a complex set would take too long to change each time and therefore slow down the pace of the piece. Props are used sparsely but are very important in showing character’s situations. Example of this are the whipping equipment need in act 1 scene 1, they are used to clearly show the audience how the convicts were treated on the ships and the punishments. The play book is used throughout the play when the convicts are rehearing or talking about the play as this is one of the main themes of Our Country’s Good , however not many other books are used and this emphasises that the convict are uneducated and many can’t read. Ralph’s dairy and the picture of his wife are important props in showing his character. Ralph idolises his wife as something pure â€Å"I might kiss your picture as usual. † He uses his diary to write his thoughts showing he doesn’t feel he can talk to the other officers and is disturbed with the new land and behaviour of the convicts and officers. Food is mention throughout the play â€Å"if I was rich, I’d eat myself sick† but it is never used as a prop this highlights the lack of food in the colony. Wertenbaker uses gun shot sound effects at the beginning of the play in scene 3 Act 1, as the officers are shooting birds this reminds the audience that they have just arrived on a new land and are already destroying its nature and wildlife. The other sound effect Wertenbaker specifies in the play is drumming which occurs at the end In the last scene as the convicts go on stage, this symbolise a parade that a new colony might give as celebration. It also creates excitement for the play. The triumphant music of Beethoven’s fifth symphony is played at the very end as an introduction to The Recruiting Officer, this makes the audience happy and excited and reflects what the convicts would be feeling at that time. Other music Wertenbaker may want to be used during the play, especially the aboriginal scenes is didgeridoo music as this is a native instrument to Australia. The Language Wertenbaker uses shows character, an example of this is Liz’s monologue in Act 2 scene 2 where she use lots of slang â€Å"born under a ha’penny planet† this shows the audience she is uneducated. In contrast to Liz, Arthur is very educated and we can see this due to the literary and historical reverences he mentions when backing up an argument â€Å"In the Meno, one of Plato’s great dialogues. † This is a way that difference in education shows the split between convicts and officers. Language is also used to show change in characters, for example at the beginning Wisehammer is rough and has no hope for the future â€Å"alone, frightened, nameless in this sinking hole of hell†, however as the play progresses we actually see him as being one of the more educated convicts. â€Å"Abject: a man without hope. † In the last scene we see him thinking of the future and with restored hope â€Å"I’ll write a play about justice. † Our Country’s Good would be more suitable for a proscenium arch stage because it communicates the bareness of the new land as no-one is on the other side unlike a transverse stage. Wertenbaker wanted to use a cyclorama to symbolise Australia and this would need to be upstage and therefore would work best in proscenium as it has a back wall. The third reason is the convicts and officers could easily be separated and shown in their groups and more easily commutate status and power. The lighting is very important in staging the play. The lighting would of be harsh blues and yellows to represent the climate of Australia. This lighting is the most effective way of making the audience aware of the different climate and habitat of Australia and how hard it was for the convicts and officers to adapt to the change. The lighting would also be used to show night and day as some of the scenes are during the night, this would create an atmosphere for the piece. Wertenbaker chose to create an obviously theatrical piece of drama instead of a piece of realism because she wanted the audience to see the social message the play contained, how drama can reform and educate people. A theatrical piece is the most effective way to do this as it allows both the actors and audience to see the story from both sides of the colony due to the multi-rolling actors.

Dickens Hard Times as a Critique of the Educational System Essay

Dickens' Hard Times as a Critique of the Educational System  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Industrialization made Victorian England a brave new world.   A world bereft of justice, humanity and emotion.   In Hard Times, Dickens critiques this world in several ways; it's pollution problems, factory accidents, divorce laws, utilitarian ideals, and educational system.   The goal of this essay is to focus strictly on Dickens critique of the educational system which was influenced by Industrialization.   In his novel, Dickens shows us how children were indoctrinated at very early ages that "facts alone are wanted in life" (47).   "The Gradgrind school in Hard Times was modeled on the so-called Birbeck Schools inaugurated by William Ellis in 1848 to teach principles of political economy to poor children. . . " (Thomas 52). The children were taught that they were not to do anything or believe anything which is contrary to fact.   The "Gradgrindian educational project is based on . . . Enlightenment intuitions" (Wainwright 179); wherein,   all knowledge m ust be verified by science.   Teachers even went so far to say that: "Taste, is only another name for Fact" (51).   In Hard Times, Dickens "attacks [this] education built on statistics, figures and facts . . ." (Taine 33). Dickens criticizes the Victorian educational system because it dehumanized the children, killed fancy, and destroyed the importance of emotion.          The Victorian educational system dehumanized the children by treating them like mathematical figures.   It sought to turn them all into little utilitarian robots who were only interested in facts.   As the children enter the class, they are described as "little vessels then and there arranged in order, ready to have imperial gallons of fac... ...       Mutual Friend. Ed. Norman Page. New York: Macmillan Press, 1979.       Thomas, Deborah. Hard Times: A Fable of Fragmentation and Wholeness. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997.       Wainwright, Valerie. "On Goods, Virtues, and Hard Times." Dickens Studies Annual, Vol. 26. Ed. Friedman, Guiliano, and Timko. New York: AMS Press, 1998.       The student may wish to begin the paper with the quote below:    "I am going, next month, to publish in one volume a story now coming out in Household Words, called Hard Times.   I have constructed it patiently, with a view to its publication altogether in a compact cheap form.   It contains what I do devoutly hope will shake some people in a terrible mistake of the days, when so presented" (Guiliano 893).    Charles Dickens in a letter to Thomas Carlyle, July 13, 1854 Dickens' Hard Times as a Critique of the Educational System Essay Dickens' Hard Times as a Critique of the Educational System  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Industrialization made Victorian England a brave new world.   A world bereft of justice, humanity and emotion.   In Hard Times, Dickens critiques this world in several ways; it's pollution problems, factory accidents, divorce laws, utilitarian ideals, and educational system.   The goal of this essay is to focus strictly on Dickens critique of the educational system which was influenced by Industrialization.   In his novel, Dickens shows us how children were indoctrinated at very early ages that "facts alone are wanted in life" (47).   "The Gradgrind school in Hard Times was modeled on the so-called Birbeck Schools inaugurated by William Ellis in 1848 to teach principles of political economy to poor children. . . " (Thomas 52). The children were taught that they were not to do anything or believe anything which is contrary to fact.   The "Gradgrindian educational project is based on . . . Enlightenment intuitions" (Wainwright 179); wherein,   all knowledge m ust be verified by science.   Teachers even went so far to say that: "Taste, is only another name for Fact" (51).   In Hard Times, Dickens "attacks [this] education built on statistics, figures and facts . . ." (Taine 33). Dickens criticizes the Victorian educational system because it dehumanized the children, killed fancy, and destroyed the importance of emotion.          The Victorian educational system dehumanized the children by treating them like mathematical figures.   It sought to turn them all into little utilitarian robots who were only interested in facts.   As the children enter the class, they are described as "little vessels then and there arranged in order, ready to have imperial gallons of fac... ...       Mutual Friend. Ed. Norman Page. New York: Macmillan Press, 1979.       Thomas, Deborah. Hard Times: A Fable of Fragmentation and Wholeness. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997.       Wainwright, Valerie. "On Goods, Virtues, and Hard Times." Dickens Studies Annual, Vol. 26. Ed. Friedman, Guiliano, and Timko. New York: AMS Press, 1998.       The student may wish to begin the paper with the quote below:    "I am going, next month, to publish in one volume a story now coming out in Household Words, called Hard Times.   I have constructed it patiently, with a view to its publication altogether in a compact cheap form.   It contains what I do devoutly hope will shake some people in a terrible mistake of the days, when so presented" (Guiliano 893).    Charles Dickens in a letter to Thomas Carlyle, July 13, 1854

Obesity Is a Disease

Obesity Is A Disease Obesity is a disease that affects one in three members of the American population. The trend of obese Americans has continually increased since 1960, and is not showing signs of slowing down. More than half of the adults in America are considered overweight or obese, and about thirty-four percent of the total population in the U. S is either overweight or obese. One is considered â€Å"overweight† if the body mass index, or BMI, is twenty-five to twenty-nine kilograms. â€Å"Obese† is any number thirty or greater (Hateweight. com). Obesity is the cause of at least 300,000 deaths in the U. S every year, second only to smoking (American Obesity Association). There are many causes of obesity, some of which are environmentally related and others are geneticly related. Genetics from an obese relative can be passed from generation to another; this form of obesity is hard to control without proper treatment (Hateweight. com). The American culture has been the biggest cause of obesity. All of our surroundings and social environments have greatly influenced obesity. Most social events revolve around food or drinks, which are usually unhealthy for the body. Food itself has become a reward; young children are often rewarded for good behavior with a â€Å"treat† (American Obesity Association). This treat is often a child’s favorite candy or sweet. Adults also use food as a reward. Successful business transactions between companies are often celebrated with food and drinks. Employees often stop after work to have drinks and possibly dinner to celebrate. Alcoholic drinks are very high in fat and have no nutritional value. Also, most restaurant food is high in fat and calories. Another factor which is the cause of this disease is lifestyle. People are no as physically active as they should be. They have become more dependent on someone else to do their work for them. An example if this would be fast food restaurants. Why make dinner when you can go up the street and have someone else cook it for you? Most meals from fast food restaurants have almost fifty percent, if not more calories than a person needs for one day. Another cause of obesity would be a person’s mental state. People cope with life changing experiences differently, such as a death of a family member or the loss of a job. These types of events cause some people to over-eat and, over time, become overweight. Obesity has many effects on a person both psychologically and physically. Psychologically, obesity may cause a person to become depressed and even become suicidal. Not only that, but it can also cause low self esteem (Hateweight. com). Physically, obesity has a greater effect, because it is known to cause many other health related issues. Arthritis may occur in the hands, hips, back, and knees from the extra weight a person would be carrying around. Seventy-five percent of people with hypertension are obese. The risk of developing hypertension is five times greater in an obese person than compared to a non-obese individual. Obesity is also the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, daytime fatigue, deep vein thrombosis, diabetes type 2, infections following wounds, infertility, liver disease, lower back pains, obstetric and gynecologic complications, sleep apnea, stroke, and surgical complications(American Obesity Association). Not only does obesity cause all of those diseases, but it also increases an individual’s chance of getting many different types of cancer. Breast cancer, esophagus and gastric cardial cancers, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and renal cell cancer all have been linked to obesity in one way or another (American Obesity Association). Treatment for obesity comes in many forms. One form is called dietary therapy, were a doctor will devise, a diet which an individual should follow to lose weight. The diet usually consists of more healthy foods with low calories and smaller portions. Along with a diet plan the doctor recommends physical activity, which is another treatment. Physical activity could be anything from working out at a gym or playing sports to just moving around the house more. Behavior therapy is a combination of both dietary and physical therapy in which the doctor comes up with new diet and physical activity habits to promote weight loss (Hateweight. com). The treatment with the biggest risk is surgery. An individual may have their stomach stapled so they will eat smaller portions of food and, which causes the body to burn the fat cells faster because there are fewer calories coming in. Obesity is a serious matter because of all the risks that follow it. The only way to stop obesity is to become more informed and more knowledgeable of the foods we consume, and to become more physically active. Obesity is the second leading cause of unnecessary deaths in the U. S. Despite its death toll is has not received the attention it needs from the government. Bibliography www. hateweight. com www. obesity. org www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/obesity. html http://www. obesity-online. com/ http://www. cdc. gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/